Media s Influence On The Media - 2178 Words

Since the beginning of mass media, objectivity in the media has been slowly corrupted by the personal biases of the reporters. Therefore, in the nineteenth century, a code of honor was adopted by those in the media pledging to keep a high degree of professional conduct that included impartiality and serving the public good† (Aliprandini and Flynn). However, in the twentieth century, very present media biases started to present themselves especially in times of war and during an election, the latter of which holds especially true today (Aliprandini and Flynn). In this day and age, where information is readily available to everyone, it should be safe to assume that those distributing it would be giving the full and honest story. However, today there is an ever-expanding amount of bias in the media. Though the common thought is that the media is exclusively biased towards liberals, bias actually goes both ways. In an article in The Washington Post, Chris Cillizza defends today’s media, saying that the claims of bias made against them during this recent election are false. He tries to persuade his readers of this by showing that even though the media had been giving ample coverage of negative stories towards Donald Trump, the media were also covering three damaging stories about Clinton, namely foreign donations to the Clinton Foundation, the money she charged for her speeches to different universities, and also, probably the most damaging of all, Clinton’s private emailShow MoreRelatedMedia s Influence On The Media1637 Words à ‚  |  7 Pagesdisplayed in the mass media is conditioned by wealth and power, so as a result of the concentration of power and the official censorship done by the government and corporate sources; the media follows the ideas of the elite. In order to deliver messages that support the elite’s beliefs, the media goes through five different filters that determine the information presented, this are ownership of media, funding, sourcing, flak, and fear. First, when referring to the ownership of media, it is importantRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Media Essay1606 Words   |  7 PagesLusby English composition 12/1/2016 The Media s Influence    Can the media really persuade you into thinking a way about a person you have not even meet? The media can make influence you into thinking a certain way about some and also influence a choice that you could have to make about them that could change their life forever. To prove this I have researched into articles that could help me prove that the media can influence these things. First the media in the form of television can give you aRead MoreMedia s Influence On Media2111 Words   |  9 Pagestoday is communicated through media. Media is the most powerful and influential force in the country. The media are powerful agents of socialization and they set the standard that majority follow. The power giving to American media has allowed them to be very effective using propaganda as strategy, the media tend to say they serve to relieve social conflicts into minimum. We clearly see that the media promote social conflicts by separating class. The image that media has created in the mind of massesRead MoreMedia s Influence On The Media892 Words   |  4 Pages In today’s culture, it’s hard not to come across some form of media, whether that is an advertisement on a roadway, a commercial on the television, or even an ad on the portable games you play on your phone. The average 8-18-year-old experiences about 7.5 hours of some form of media a day. [1] Out of the 24 hours in a day over a quarter of it is spent looking at or listening to advertisements for products, the news, video games, television, movies, music, books, and the internet. A common way toRead MoreMedia s Influence On The Media1977 Words   |  8 Pagespushes their political view. News viewers tend to be oblivious when it comes to bias in the media because they would rather hear what they believe is right. There are many ways to find truth in journalism that everyone needs to be aware of for example, going to more than one source and conducting a SMELL test. Biased media has made a big impact on it’s viewers, creating a big division between the two sides. Media plays a big part on how people get everyday news, but ultimately, it is up to the viewerRead MoreMedia s Influence On The Media1986 Words   |  8 PagesWe are a world that revolves around our media outlets. This is because we depend on them to give to us the information that we need to be able to live our daily lives. Whether it is the news on politics or just events that are happening around your area. The real question though is has news changed? And the follow up question to that would be; how do historians think news has changed? The news media has changed throughout history because of the rise of technology. It is now possible to reach peopleRead MoreMedia s Influence On Media1928 Words   |  8 Pages V. New Media In the course of the most recent couple of decades, the media scene has changed drastically. The most essential change is from an old media model of television to another media model of narrowcasting. TV alludes to media speaking to the overall population and is exemplified by system TV, radio, and daily papers. Narrowcasting, made conceivable by television networks, Internet, and satellite radio, is focused to particular gatherings of people. The new media have various essentialRead MoreMedia s Influence On Media1543 Words   |  7 PagesSocial media publicizes a substantial amount of messages about identity and acceptable ways to express gender, sexuality and ones lifestyle, but at the same time, the viewers have their own differing feelings about the issues. The media may suggest certain feelings and actions, but the audiences feelings can never overpower self-expression completely. The media portrays certain things because it is what is being accepted. Neither parties, these being the media and its audience, have full power overRead MoreMedia s Influence On Media1703 Words   |  7 Pagescentury, mass media became widely recognized. In a period of mass availability, people today have entry to more media outlets than ever before. According to media scholar Jean Kilbourne,â€Å"the average American is exposed to over 3,000 advertisements a day and watches three years’ worth of television ads over the course of a lifetime† (back cover). It is all around us, from the shows we watch on television, the music we listen to on the radio, and to the books and magazines we read each day. Media is the numberRead MoreMedia s Influence On The Media Essay1172 Words   |  5 PagesMass media has a very influential part in today’s society. Consisting of radio broadcasting, books, the Internet, and television they allow information and entertainment to travel at a fast pace as well to a vast audience. This vast majority of information can easily manipulate and or persuade people to have certain stereotypes on specific genders. TV commercials are one of the most influential structures in the media. Looking back 20 to 30 years, stereotypes were clearly welcomed on TV and in

The Between Essence And Existence - 871 Words

Avicenna created a doctrine that discussed the real distinction between essence and existence. Avicenna’s concludes that existence is accidental to essence and he believed that essence was a priority over esse. In Avicenna’s reasoning essence exists in two different ways of being. First, essence can exist in reality as a concrete, singular instance. For example, a dog can exist in reality through the essence of Lassie the dog. Second, essence can exist through the mind as a universal. For example, a dog can exist in through the mind by thinking the general meaning of the word dog. Essence can Be and Be Known because it is self-same meaning that it can exist in both ways of being. A dog doesn’t necessary have to exist in â€Å"reality† to get essence in the mind and it doesn’t have to be a real dog to get the understand of a dog. Essence doesn’t have to exist in either way because it can exist in both. For example, if to be a dog it has to exi st as part of nature then it can not exist in the mind or a singular instance. Another example, if to be a dog it has to have universal existence as part of nature then a dog can not exist in any singular instance. This causes a real distinction between nature and existence. Avicenna believes that essence is a priority over existence. As stated essence can be a single reality, and it can be universal in the mind but essence in itself is neither singular or universal. Essence in itself is essence in its pure state of being Naked Nature.Show MoreRelatedDescartes Ontological Argument For The Existence Of God1302 Words   |  6 Pagesfor the Existence of God The Ontological Argument for the existence of God is an a priori argument that aims to demonstrate that God’s real-world existence follows necessarily from the concept of God. In Meditation V of Discourse on Methods and Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes presents his version of the Ontological Argument for the existence of God. In this essay, I will argue that this argument fails because necessary existence for a concept does not entail its real world existence. DescartesRead MoreJean-Paul Sartre’s Philosophy: Radical Freedom and Responsibility 1253 Words   |  6 PagesSartre’s philosophy. However, Sartre himself raises objections about his philosophy, but he overcomes these obvious objections. In this paper I will argue that man creates their own essence through their choices and that our values and choices are important because they allow man to be free and create their own existence. I will first do this by explaining Jean-Paul Sartre’s quote, then by thoroughly stating Sartre’s theory, and then by opposing objections raised against Sartre’s theory. When SartreRead MoreSpinoza’S Inferential Gap In The Ethics. A1: Spinoza’S1500 Words   |  6 Pages(Ip6c) P1a: Substance cannot be produced by another substance. (Ip2-Ip3) P1b: Substance cannot be produced by another mode. (Ip4-Ip5) P2: Substance is self-caused. (Ip7p) P2a: Self-caused things necessarily involve existence. (Id1) C: So, existence belongs to the nature of substance. (Ip7p) Spinoza rejects 2 kinds of causation—(I) causation with different attributes, and (II) causation with the same attributes—to show that substance cannot be produced by anything else (Ip6c;Read MoreExistentialism And Akhilleus : State Of Affairs1182 Words   |  5 PagesExistentialism and Akhilleus’ State of Affairs in Homer’s Iliad Existentialism is a philosophy that deals with human existence. This philosophy is a complex subject that asks questions about life that include meaning, purpose, choice, morality, ideology, and individuality. When reading other texts one could easily make connections to existential themes within the book’s literary tropes. Occasionally, some books have an overloaded abundance of existential themes. Homer’s Iliad is one of the booksRead MoreThe Generation Of The World Essay1532 Words   |  7 Pagesallows Athanasius to argue that the Arians had confused the ideas of â€Å"offspring† with â€Å"creature† and the verbs â€Å"to beget† with â€Å"to create.† What becomes apparent from the above Athanasian text is that the decisive factor which defines the distinction between offspring and creature is the person of the Father and his role in the generation of the Son and the creation of the world. Athanasius’ task becomes proving that the Father is portrayed in the Bible as personally involved in the generation of theRead MoreThe Essence Of Dialogue Is The Foundation Of Humanization994 Words   |  4 PagesThe essence of dialogue is the foundation of humanization, it’s a fragment of emotions that when broken down into its constitutive elements reveals two dimensions, action and reflection. Conjointly, when those two dimensions of dialogue are exposed within educational institutions, a world of caring, art, liberation, encounters, and transcendence begins to form the methods of authentic education. Thus, this process can empower an individual with the creative thoughts necessary to deconstruct, andRead MoreJohn Locke, Paul Sartre, And Georg L. Hegel1710 Words   |  7 PagesPHL 492 Final Paper April 14, 2015 The subject of essence is not something that the average person thinks about everyday, or ever in their life. There are several varying arguments over essence including arguments from John Locke, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Georg W. F. Hegel. Two of these men argue that essence is something that we gain later in life once we have made the choice of who we want to be. The third argues that we all have the same essence from the time we are born. The arguments of these threeRead MoreEssay on St. Thomas Aquinas’ On Being and Essence1002 Words   |  5 PagesSt. Thomas Aquinas’ On Being and Essence, he devotes an entire chapter of his book discussing how essence is found in composite substances. â€Å"Form and matter are found in composite substances, as for example soul and body in man. But it cannot be said that either one of these alone is called the essence.’ Aquinas argues that in a composite substance, not only is the form but also matter in the essence of a thing. However, in Metaphysics, Aristotle says that essence is in the form, which acts uponRead MoreOn the Essence of God Essay936 Words   |  4 PagesThe existence of God has been questioned and asked by many human beings since they were given revelations. A clear answer to the question has not yet been verified nor proven to be true by anyone and philosophers trying to prove so have failed too. Regardless of the disappointing search for God’s existence people still have hope and believe in God. Humans never stop seeking for a supreme being other than themselves, and when they prove God’s existence similar to how Descartes does, it opens up aRead MoreEssay On Augustine And Aquinas1567 Words   |  7 Pagesfor us than what the body does for us. â€Å"The soul and its powers are superior to the body† (pg. 243). The soul gives us knowledge and the ideas of right and wrong the body does not do that. (a) What tension(s) exists between reason and authority? (b) What tension(s) exists between intellect and will? Authority comes from the prophets who experienced the events firsthand and were able to tell the stories to others. These things must be believed on the authority of the prophets and apostles who

Les Miserables Movie Review Free Essays

For my AP World History Movie Review, I chose to watch Les Miserables; a movie based on the inspirational novel by Victor Hugo. I selected this movie because i had a summer assignment on it for ADV English and also because i thought it would be a good idea to watch the movie before reading the book and compare the two afterwards. Watching this and reading the book has helped me in starting out this school year more prepared with my schoolwork. We will write a custom essay sample on Les Miserables Movie Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now Just like the book, the movie was set in the early 1800’s of Paris amid the aftermath of the French Revolution. Along with the novel, the movie sort of elaborates upon the history of France, architecture of Paris, and a little bit of the politics. The French Revolution was a time of great turmoil in French History. It began in 1789 and ended in 1799. During the French Revolution, the previous absolute monarchy and the entire social three estate system was overthrown. The Third Estate was tired of being treated how they were. They wanted more respect and an actual say in the government. They were given a tithe for their crops, which caused them starvation and malnutrition. They had the most trouble paying for bread, while others feasted away. Finally, they began violent revolts. The architecture of France in the late 1700s through the early 1900s was shown throughout the movie, the clothing people wore and the way buildings looked back then. The time period of France in the movie was Neo-classicism. Architecture was often flip-flops from one extreme to the other, so after the frivolous and light-filled Rococo style (like in most parts of the movie), buildings were pared to classical symmetry. As the reign of Louis XVI began, Paris entered a period of Neo-classicism. The severe style was inspired by Roman and Greek architectural theories. The style also reflects a desire for plain, unadorned materials, combined with extremely logical floor plans and design. Even after Louis XVI was beheaded, his style of Neo-classicism continued without change. This was partly because the Revolution was chaotic, giving architects little opportunity to invent a new style. The main major theme of the movie was some Christian themes of redemption, forgiveness, and sacrifice; all together, Grace. There were instances of grace all throughout the movie, as well as in the book. Jean Valjean was the main character that portrayed grace in many instances such as forgiving a former guard, Javert, for continuously trying to arrest him and ruin his life. Valjean spared his life during the revolution and released him from the revolting third estate. Even after his life was spared, Javert arrested Valjean once more but soon after let him go and committed suicide. The acts of grace throughout the movie affected me emotionally and gave me some inspiration to treat others the way I’d want to be treated. I think that today’s society could use more grace. It’d make the world such a peaceful place to live if grace were portrayed more. Since grace is so called â€Å"a God given gift†, it should be used more to make the world a better place and make the people who live in it much more kind. Also, this movie moved me emotionally and mentally, putting people in poverty into my mind. I felt bad for how the poor were treated back then, never having any money or enough food, some women having to turn to prostitution or selling their hair just to get by. Overall, â€Å"Les Miserables† was a very good movie and i hope to go see the newest version coming out in December. How to cite Les Miserables Movie Review, Papers

Role of Attitudes and Job Satisfaction †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Role of Attitudes and Job Satisfaction. Answer: Introduction The happier the employees are, the more productive they tend to be. It is one of the key arguments stated by number of authors and researchers in their researchers based on developing a relationship between the performance of the employees and their attitude. There is a big confusion and argumentative discussions among the researchers on the subject of employee attitudes and job satisfaction. The most important factor for any business organisation is to make huge profits and enhanced global reach. But these objectives are completely dependent on one key factor i.e. the human resources or the organisational employees. To attain the desired goals, it is required to have highly motivated workforce in the organisations which is probably possible by analysing the attitude of the employees and their respective job satisfaction (Ashkanasy and Humphrey, 2011). Enormous researchers and the studies validate that there is a strong reaction between both the aspects i.e. the motivation of the emp loyees and their attitude and job satisfaction. Organisational behaviour on the other hand also gets influenced with the attitude of the employees and the job satisfaction they possess. For the organisations to achieve rapid growth and long-term sustainability, it is essential that there must be strong and positive organisational behaviour as it is the key factor that boosts the morale of the employees and helps the organisations to retain them for a much longer time period. The key emphasis of the report will be on the impacts of attitudes and job satisfaction on the employees motivation at work and the organisational behaviour (Avey, et al., 2011). Overview of Attitudes and Job satisfaction and Organisational Behaviour Job Attitudes The job attitudes are the significant element of an organisational success and growth. Such type of job attitudes helps in determining the sense of social responsibility, motivation and satisfaction level in an individual. The organisations have a key emphasis on their selection process as it is very essential to be ensured that the employees possess a right and correct attitude. The employee selection is the key house where there is performed an analysis of matching of the job and the attitude of the individual. The performance outcomes of the employees have a key role of their individual attitudes as these job related attitudes either motivates or de-motivate an employee which reflects in the performance outcomes (Aziri, 2011). Job Satisfaction Job satisfaction is multidimensional aspect which has several meanings but from an overall perspective and broader sense, job satisfaction shows the level at which the individuals are contended with their job. The work-related satisfaction is termed as the job satisfaction which the employees gained from their working. It is also identified and analysed by several theorists that the more satisfied the employees are with their jobs delivers more efficient and productive results to the organisations. thus, the organisations take number of initiatives to enhance the job satisfaction of the employees by offering them incentives, work life balance, improved working environment and many other potential things to enhance their motivational level (Bakker and Schaufeli, 2008). Organisational Behaviour Organisational behaviour can be understood as the study of way the individuals have an interaction within the organisational groups. The study of organisational behaviour is more valuable in developing more effective and sound business organisations. The key notion of the study is to develop a scientific approach which can be applied to the management of the employees in an organisation. There are various theories of organisational behaviour which are used for managing the human resources for maximising the output of the individuals from every organisational group (Bowling, 2010). Impact of Attitudes and Job satisfaction on Organisational Behaviour The attitudes of the employees at their workplace or the job attitudes can be understand as the evaluative statements which might be favourable or unfavourable for the organisation depending upon the factors such as the objects, individuals or events. The attitudes show the way in which the employees sense about anything taking place in the organisation. There is vital importance of the attitude of the employees in respect with their jobs as it demonstrates whether the individuals are happy or unhappy with their work. There is a theory which demonstrates the robust relationship among the attitudes and behaviour named as self-perception theory. According to this theory, the people decide upon their attitudes and feelings by performing a self-analysis of their behaviour in diverse situations (Bushra, Ahmad and Naveed, 2011). The attitudes of the employees are highly significant and it is essential that the organisational managers must have their in-depth understanding to manage the wor kforce. It is important to analyse that which employee will be motivated by which specific benefit according to their respective attitudes towards their job for developing a better association with the organisational employees (Colquitt, et al., 2011). Thus, if the organisational managers tends to perform activities which can help in reduction of the differences and conflicts of the individuals and support then in developing a positive work related attitude then it will help in developing a better organisation behaviour as well as enhanced level of employee engagement and increased organisational productivity (Waring, 2016). On the other hand, the attitude possesses by the managers towards the organisational employees also have a key role in defining the attitude of the employees for their jobs which can be either positive or negative. The positive attitude of managers supports a better flow of communication among the employees and the managers which results in faster resolution of the conflicts and issues and developing improved organisational behaviour (Griffin and Moorhead, 2011). There has been identified a direct and strong association between the organisational behaviour and organisational commitment as well as job satisfaction of the employees. There are several times when realised that the job related attitudes and job satisfaction of the employees poses a great impact upon the organisational behaviour primarily on the basis of the perception and attitude of the employees related to level of equity in the organisations. if the employees possess an attitude that the organisational managers do not maintain an equity in their behaviour and fairness in the pay of the employees then it may result in decrease level of job satisfaction which ultimately deteriorates the overall organisational behaviour (Jones and Jones, 2010). Whereas if the employees have an attitude or perception that the managers are highly fair and adopt an equitable approach in managing the workforce then it results in higher job satisfaction among the employees and they strive hard to accom plish the objectives and goals of the organisation which improves the organisational behaviour. Positive attitude reflects improved level of job satisfaction among the employees and higher engagement with the work and workplace for a sustainable period of time. There can be seen that when there is improved organisational behaviour and increased job satisfaction then it results in increased level of organisational commitment which helps the organisation in retaining the employees for a much longer period (Joo and Park, 2010). Impact of Attitudes and Job satisfaction on employees motivation at work As per the concepts of attitude developed by Hertzberg, the motivation of an employee towards work is best explained and understood when there is understanding of the respective attitude of that employee. It is the internal concept of attitude that occurs from a state of mind and at the time of exploring, there is attained most relevant and significant information by the organisational managers in respect with the motivation of the employees. The study of the feeling of the individuals in respect with their work or the attitudes, the theory of Hertzber clearly answers three major questions. The first answer is in respect with the question that in what manner the individuals specify the attitudes of the organisational employees in respect with their job, the causes behind attitudes and the various consequences of the attitudes. According to the two factor theory of Herzberg, there are developed two distinct lists of factors that help in analysing about the attitude of the employees (K han, Dongping and Ghauri, 2014). In the two distinct lists, the first is the set of the factors that demonstrates the factors that may result in good attitude because of the contended feelings and all these factors are majorly related to organisational tasks. The second list contai9ns the factors that are resulted in unhappiness or bad attitude as they are not intended to have a direct relation with the job rather are concerned with the surroundings of the individuals job. According to the first group that is of the motivational factors that leads to higher job satisfaction includes growth possibilities, advancements, increased responsibilities, work itself, recognition for work and achievement (Voon, et al., 2011). The second group as per the theory consist of the hygiene factors that includes association with peer group, salary, working conditions, association with higher authorities, subordinates and supervisors, company policy and supervision. These factors show the attitude of the employees in respect with thei r work. It is identified that the motivational group refers to the factors intrinsic that are within the work only such as recognition gained once the task is accomplished. On the other hand, the hygiene group tends to include the extrinsic factors for example the association with the peer group that exactly is not a specific part of the job (Kim and Brymer, 2011). There can be explained a direct association with the employees job satisfaction and the Hertzberg two factor theory. If the motivation comprises of only those elements that advances action over time, then the motivators are considered as factors which promotes high level of job satisfaction and long-running attitudes (Miner, 2015). According to the theory developed by Hertzberg, the motivators results in development of positive job attitudes among the employees as they tend to satisfy the self actualisation needs of the individuals in the organisations which help them to reach their ultimate goals. And the motivators possess a potential to develop high level of job satisfaction but in the absence of these motivators, there does not ate place any kind of dissatisfaction. But on the other hand, the hygiene factors of motivation has the potential to develop the sense of dissatisfaction among the employees as they just simple move and have a temporary action upon their job attitudes and satisfaction levels (Lumley, et al., 2011). Theoretical framework explaining the Impact of Attitudes and Job satisfaction on employees motivation at work The impact of job satisfaction and attitudes on the employees motivation at work can be better understood with a theoretical framework. The framework explains that there are several factors in the organisation that are linked with each other and those factors include attitude of the leaders and the employees, job satisfaction, job commitment, training and motivation. All these have a combined impact upon the overall performance of thee employees and the organisation. The employee satisfaction and the overall yield are impacted by the performance of then employees. The organisational managers have a developed notion that the competent workers are necessary for the success of the organisations (Nadiri and Tanova, 2010). There has been analysed a direct relation between the attitude of the employees and the performance of the employees. The performances of the employees can be predicted if they are given behavioural significance at workplace. There are vast studies done of the subject o f organisational behaviour in human resource management. Every organisation develops a set of expectations from the workers and formulates their respective trust, behaviour and attitude. The attitude and behaviour of the leaders can also impact the attitude, belief and behaviour of the employees and increase their performance levels. The attitude of the employees is the most influential factors which develops personality traits at the organisational workplace (Naylor, Pritchard and Ilgen, 2013). According to the studies, the transactional leaders were found to proffer a series o performance based rewards and the directional leaders used to distribute work related to duties to the subordinates for having check over the performance level of the individuals. The performance level of the individuals has a direct association with the motivation of the employees. The attitude of the managers play a significant role in managing the job related attitude and behaviour of the employees. The m angers can take use of their unofficial or official influence for shaping the jobs of the employees. For achieving the belief of the employees, it is essential that the managers must pass on confidence to the workers. The managers can have an impact upon the attitude of the employees by psychologically influencing them to erect improved performance and upsurge the job satisfaction of the employees (Reisel, 2010). Once the employees as well as the managers develop a positive set of work related attitudes, there is developed high level of job satisfaction among the employees as they felt contended and happy with their jobs. There are few of the key factors that have a direct role in developing the attitude of the employees such as management political affairs, working environment, uniqueness of job salary. The higher the uniqueness in the jobs of the employees, the higher is the satisfaction of the employees and so they performance levels (Rich, Lepine and Crawford, 2010). A large number of conclusions in various studies have been made regarding the impact of these job attitudes and job satisfaction upon the motivation level of the employees. The better satisfaction results in higher motivation and vice-versa. The attitude of the employees their respective trust, behaviour and thinking towards the organisations enhances the level of co0mmitment as well as the job performance. The committed empl oyees tends to generate better and higher level of performances which offers them several benefits and increases their job satisfaction which turns out to boost the motivation level of the employees (Robbins and Judge, 2012). The organisations have optimistic impacts from the various trainings offered to them as well as also help in formulating the trust, attitude and behaviour by the means of diverse nature of performance tools and training programs. Once the employees possess a positive attitude through such trainings, it becomes easy to enhance their job satisfaction and the motivation level (Tsai, 2011). There are number of researchers who have identified the employees attitude and job satisfaction are the key sources for developing and increasing the employees performances. The organisations that have high level of motivation are more likely to have continuous growth and improved organisation and employees performances. Thus, the theoretical framework explains that positive att itude of leaders and employees enhances the job satisfaction and job commitment of the employees by the means of training programs and the increased motivation emphasis the employees to work better which results in better organisational and employees performances (Robbins, 2009). Conclusion The attitudes of the employees in respect with their work are one of the key factor in analysing their performances and motivation level. There are various aspects and factors that influence and impact these attitudes such as the attitude of the leaders, workplace environment and many other things. If the employees seek a positive attitude then it results in better performance and less number of issues and conflicts at workplace. On the other hand the employees who have a negative attitude towards their work are less effective and deliver lower productivity with continuous issues in their work. Thus, it is essential that the managers as well as the employees themselves must try to have a positive attitude for their work. These attitudes also have their impact upon the employees performances and the job satisfaction. The successful performance of the employees offers a sense of achievement to the employees as well as attainment of benefits such as recognitions, rewards, increased pay, promotion, etc. and all these factors leads to upsurge level of satisfaction among the employees which raises their motivation and emphasis them to deliver more improved results and have a strong organisational commitment too. Thus, from the overall analysis and insights of the study it can be concluded that the attitudes and job satisfaction plays a significant role in impacting and influencing eth motivation level of the employees as well as the organisational productivity. Thus, it is necessary to have a more positive attitude tow3ards work to achieve sustainable growth and satisfaction in the organisations. References Ashkanasy, N.M. and Humphrey, R.H., 2011. Current emotion research in organizational behavior.Emotion Review,3(2), pp.214-224. Avey, J.B., Reichard, R.J., Luthans, F. and Mhatre, K.H., 2011. Meta?analysis of the impact of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance.Human resource development quarterly,22(2), pp.127-152. Aziri, B., 2011. JOB SATISFACTION: A LITERATURE REVIEW.Management Research Practice,3(4). Bakker, A.B. and Schaufeli, W.B., 2008. Positive organizational behavior: Engaged employees in flourishing organizations.Journal of organizational behavior,29(2), pp.147-154. Bowling, N.A., 2010. Effects of job satisfaction and conscientiousness on extra-role behaviors.Journal of Business and Psychology,25(1), pp.119-130. Bushra, F., Ahmad, U. and Naveed, A., 2011. Effect of transformational leadership on employees' job satisfaction and organizational commitment in banking sector of Lahore (Pakistan).International journal of Business and Social science,2(18). Colquitt, J., Lepine, J.A., Wesson, M.J. and Gellatly, I.R., 2011.Organizational behavior: Improving performance and commitment in the workplace. McGraw-Hill Irwin. Griffin, R.W. and Moorhead, G., 2011.Organizational behavior. Cengage Learning. Jones, G.R. and Jones, G.R., 2010. Organizational theory, design, and change. Joo, B.K. and Park, S., 2010. Career satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention: The effects of goal orientation, organizational learning culture and developmental feedback.Leadership Organization Development Journal,31(6), pp.482-500. Khan, I., Dongping, H. and Ghauri, T.A., 2014. Impact of Attitude on Employees Performance: A Study of Textile Industry in Punjab, Pakistan.World Applied Sciences Journal,30, pp.191-197. Kim, W.G. and Brymer, R.A., 2011. The effects of ethical leadership on manager job satisfaction, commitment, behavioral outcomes, and firm performance.International Journal of Hospitality Management,30(4), pp.1020-1026. Lumley, E.J., Coetzee, M., Tladinyane, R. and Ferreira, N., 2011. Exploring the job satisfaction and organisational commitment of employees in the information technology environment.Southern African Business Review,15(1), pp.100-118. Miner, J.B., 2015.Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Nadiri, H. and Tanova, C., 2010. An investigation of the role of justice in turnover intentions, job satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior in hospitality industry.International journal of hospitality management,29(1), pp.33-41. Naylor, J.C., Pritchard, R.D. and Ilgen, D.R., 2013.A theory of behavior in organizations. Academic Press. Reisel, W.D., Probst, T.M., Chia, S.L., Maloles, C.M. and Knig, C.J., 2010. The effects of job insecurity on job satisfaction, organizational citizenship behavior, deviant behavior, and negative emotions of employees.International Studies of Management Organization,40(1), pp.74-91. Rich, B.L., Lepine, J.A. and Crawford, E.R., 2010. Job engagement: Antecedents and effects on job performance.Academy of management journal,53(3), pp.617-635. Robbins, S.P. and Judge, T., 2012. Essentials of organizational behavior. Robbins, S.P., 2009.Organizational Behavior, 13/E. Pearson Education India. Tsai, Y., 2011. Relationship between organizational culture, leadership behavior and job satisfaction.BMC health services research,11(1), p.98. Voon, M.L., Lo, M.C., Ngui, K.S. and Ayob, N.B., 2011. The influence of leadership styles on employees job satisfaction in public sector organizations in Malaysia.International Journal of Business, Management and Social Sciences,2(1), pp.24-32. Waring, S.P., 2016.Taylorism transformed: Scientific management theory since 1945. UNC Press Books.

Cultural Linguistic Autobiography

I came from a family that spoke only Spanish and, therefore, Spanish was the only language that I grew up speaking. However, many of my family members can now communicate in a second language. I am Hispanic, and my country of origin is the Dominican Republic. I have had no experience in K-12 schools, in the United States.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Linguistic Autobiography specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When I first came to this country, I was in my senior year and attended high school for a period of three months. Therefore, I had no experience as a student in an elementary or secondary school in the United States. Nevertheless, I had experience working in both elementary and secondary schools. Last year, I began taking classes at the Grand Canyon University. These classes aim at preparing and helping me work with the English language learners. Some of the courses that I took included curriculum development and assessment, language reading acquisition and research, teaching in a pluralistic society, and the English linguistic. In these classes, I gathered methods and tactics to help students learning English as a second language. Most of my early learning experiences were pleasant because communication was in Spanish, my mother tongue. I found it easy internalizing issues and relating to ideas. In my teaching experience, I have taught several students who were learning English as their second language. They tended to have difficulties relating English to their first language. My experiences prepared me to identify with challenges of second language learners. I try to make the learning experience pleasurable for all my English learners, just the way mine was. I make learning fruitful by ensuring that all my students understand a concept before I advance to the subsequent idea. This is extremely challenging considering the varying levels of understanding among the students. A nother challenge is that the students have diverse first languages, hence, dissimilar outlooks on issues.Advertising Looking for essay on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Social role plays a crucial part in learning of English as a second language. It is simpler to get full command of a language when one interacts with native speakers of that language. I can relate these occurrences to my learning and teaching experiences. I had to learn the English language because of the natural call for communication (Peregoy, Boyle, Kaplan, 2008). Having come to the United States in high school, proficient knowledge in English was essential for me to attain my aspiration of becoming a teacher. Native English speakers surrounded me as I was living in a country where English was the mode of communication. These factors undoubtedly helped me polish my language skills. A proof of the Interactionist theory was when I interacted wit h native English speakers at various levels and acquired language prowess from them (Peregoy et al., 2008). Consequently, I chose to use the same approach for my students. I encourage helpful participation through varied grouping. I put together students with different abilities, and allow them to work together to come up with answers for challenges. This not only boosts them academically but also improves relationships among themselves. The emotional status of an individual affects how one copes with the learning process. It requires a strong will to learn a new language and make use of it appropriately. I was strong willed and did not let grammatical mistakes deter my progress. I developed empathy for English learners and felt a strong urge to see people wishing to learn English excel in their pursuit. This further propelled my teacher ambition to greater heights. Linguistic also plays a role in determining how fast one learns a second language. The Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis supports this notion. According to Altakhaineh, elements obtained from one language can be transferred to a new language with a positive effect. Such a scenario is only true if the two languages share similar structures (2012). In my case, Spanish and English share identical plural structures. In both languages, the letter â€Å"s† at the end of a word indicates plural. This aspect improved learning and teaching experiences for me. Therefore, I sometimes try to find out whether my students’ native languages bear similar aspects with English, so that I can apply the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Linguistic Autobiography specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Cultural and linguistic diversity mean that a class has many students from different countries speaking different languages. These students possess different degrees of formal education and practice differe nt cultural traditions. It is, therefore, essential for a teacher to know how to handle such a class for fair and effective learning to occur. One such way is for the teacher to pronounce words clearly and avoid use of colloquial speech and complicated phrases. Using simple language ensures that all students get the concepts taught (Gonzales, Wendel, Pagan, Love, 2011). A teacher should reinforce words using charts and gesticulation. Staging concept helps such students â€Å"create meaning from a new environment† (Gonzales et al., 2011). Charts aid the mind in retaining new information. The learning process ought to incorporate frequent reviews and recap of information. Such activities also help students to internalize concepts. A teacher should also enquire from students whether they have understood an idea by letting them display what they have learned (Gonzales et al., 2011). References Altakhaineh, A. R. (2012). The main theories in second language acquisition (SLA). The TEFL times. Web. Gonzales, R. J., Pagan, M., Wendel, L., Love, C. (2011). Supporting ELL/Culturally and Linguistically diverse students for academic achievement. International center for leadership in education. Web. Peregoy, S. F., Boyle, O. F., Kaplan, K. C. (2008). Reading, writing and learning in ESL: A resource book for teaching K-12 English learners (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. This essay on Cultural Linguistic Autobiography was written and submitted by user Alaya Bruce to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Report from Los Angels County Museum of Art essays

Report from Los Angels County Museum of Art essays Report from Los Angels County Museum of Art The Los Angeles County Museum of Art is the premier visual arts museum in the Western United States. Its holdings include more than 150,000 works spanning the history of art from ancient times to the present. Moreover, the museum has seasonal exhibitions, which focus on many different types of artists every month. The variety of artwork fascinates visitors and never bores them. I am a frequent visitor of the museum, and, this time, I was enchanted by the sculpture Lady, which was created by Michael Lucero in 1999. The sculptures body simulates Roman or Greek statues, but there is no human-like head. Instead of creating the head, he randomly stacked colorful earthenware on it. Lady is revolutionary in these aspects: the use of contrasting the head and body is outstanding, it symbolizes the fusion of different cultures, and the mysterious appearance arouses peoples imaginations of its meaning. By contrasting the color, texture, and the shape of the body and head, Michael Lucero has succeeded in capturing visitors attention since the combinations are unusual and outstanding. The color of the body is a solid off-white, and the texture of the surface is rough, resembling the statue of Virgin Mary. The shape is very complicating as well. The sculptor precisely produced the wrinkles of the cloth, and I could see the shape of the legs through it. The beauty of the body is beyond description, and it seems to be waiting for a command to step forward. Unlike the body, the colors of the head are bright, and the surface is very smooth and shiny. Lucero utilized a beauty combination of primary colors, such as red, yellow, and blue, which mingled perfectly. The use of the vivid colors reminds me of a pattern in a tie-dye shirt. It also has some pictures of insects and a digit 8:43, which makes it myste ...

Comparative Narratives of Childhood Research Paper

Comparative Narratives of Childhood - Research Paper Example In India, a ban was placed on children below the age of 14 from working; however, this ban has not been strictly imposed. Sonali, a 12-year-old girl from the eastern state of West Bengali is one of these children (Pandey). She worked for two years as a domestic servant in Calcutta and her job was mostly to cook for a five-member household and to clean a three-story house. She also had to endure severe punishments from her employer; one time when she was delayed in serving dinner, burning hot food was poured on her hands. With the help of a neighbor, she managed to escape and was later restored to her family (Pandey). More than a million minor children work at homes or food stalls and the Save the Children organization which works at West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, and Maharastra have been monitoring the employment of children and the abuses visited upon them. One of the dangers for these children working is the sexual and physical abuse which is often inflicted upon them. Howeve r, even as the government and other private organizations are seeking to impose the provisions of the ban on minority children working, thousands of children are still working in hazardous industries, including firecracker and matchstick factories, carpet weaving, embroidery, or stitching footballs (Pandey). Most of these children are forced to live these lives of labor because of severe poverty conditions. The Republic of India is an independent country in South Asia which is considered to be a second most populous country in the world and also the world’s largest democracy. Since the 1990s, it has consistently risen as one of the fastest growing economies in the world with a large and skilled workforce; however, it is also plagued with widespread poverty. The country is currently in dispute with Pakistan over the Kashmir region; it has nuclear weapons capability; and enjoys a prolific movie industry with its Bollywood movies (BBC News). It is a federal republic and the head of state is President Pratibha Patil and the head of government is Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. Political parties of this country include the Indian National Congress (INC), Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Communist Party of India-Marxist, and other smaller national parties (Department of State). Its capital is New Delhi and its largest and most populous city is Mumbai; and based on 2010 surveys, it has a population of 1.2 billion people covering 3.1 million sq.km of land which varies from the Himalayas to flat river valleys and deserts in its west (Department of State). Its languages include Hindi, English, and about 16 official languages. Major religions in the country include Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, and Jainism (BBC News). Its monetary unit is the Indian Rupee and in 2009, its GDP estimates totaled $1.095 trillion with a per capita GDP of $3,100. Its natural resources include coal, iron ore, manganese, mica, bauxite, chromite, thorium, limestone, barite , diamonds, and crude oil (Department of State). Its agricultural products make up about 17% of its GDP with its products mainly being wheat, rice, coarse grains, oilseeds, sugar, cotton, and tea. Its industry is about 28.2% of its GDP with products like textiles, jute, processed food, steel, cement, aluminum, petroleum, chemicals, and computer software (Department of State). Its services and transportation make up about 54% of its GDP.

Environmentally Friendly Sources of Energy Essay

Environmentally Friendly Sources of Energy - Essay Example The anger over high gas prices opened up an old debate over the world's limited fossil fuels, their effect on the environment, and solutions for the future. The course of action is clear, the United States must move beyond Fossil Fuels to more environmentally friendly source of energy. Pollution caused by car fuel is responsible for a number of natural and human afflictions. Topping that long list is acid rain, lung problems including asthma, smog, and global warming. The regulation of car emissions did not begin until 1970. After eighty years of neglect air pollution had become a problem that seemed uncontrollable. President Nixon and his administration struggled to pass legislation that would require vehicles to produce less emissions and be safer for the environment. They did succeed in passing the Federal Clean Air Act, the first in a series of actions meant to improve the quality of air in the United States. The first Act simply stated what was an acceptable amount of emissions and what was not. As the years went by and more provisions were made the Act was still weak, and was used more like a suggestion than a law (Conlin 807). Cars create pollution in a number of ways. The major contribution is ozone being released at a ground level. The World Resources Institute warns "breathing ozone concentrations of 0.012ppm, levels that are typical in many cities can irritate the respiratory tract and impair lung function causing coughing, shortness of breath, and chest pain. In addition to the effects that gas produced pollution has on the human body" (66), it can have a severe effect on the planet as a whole. Another component of car emissions is carbon dioxide, a compound which traps heat. Since the Middle Ages the amount of carbon dioxide in the environment has increased by 30% and the temperature of the planet has increased in a similar way. Global warming can cause many environmental problems including damage to coral reefs, spread of disease, droughts, the melting of the North Pole, and most recently documented severe weather conditions like tropical storms and hurricanes. The amount of gasoline used by cars is staggering. World Resource Institute cites that vehicles used for transportation consumed about 25% of the world's energy, and 80% of that is caused by cars. In 1996 the world's gas consumption topped a trillion liters. America easily uses more gas then it is able to produce. Petroleum is not a renewable resource. The United States imports 50% of the oil it uses (World 79). This leads to an additional problem with petroleum based fuel. The United States has become dependent on foreign countries for this fuel and therefore must maintain a good working relationship with other national governments which nurture terrorism and poor treatment of it's citizens. "Biodiesel is an American-made fuel that can be produced from any fat or vegetable oil, such as soybean oil. Biodiesel is cleaner burning than traditional diesel, and its production and use builds our U.S. economy, rather than our reliance on the Middle East" (Biodiesel, par 3). A shortage of petroleum gas leads to rising gas prices. Of course there are many simple ways that people can cut down on their gas usage. Many of them involved car pooling, not using gas powered machines on ozone days, and to relearn the virtues of taking and enjoying a nice long walk. However, the bigger

Company Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

Company Law - Essay Example 1 Alistair Darling, Secretary of State of the Department of Trade and Industry said that while most of the provisions of the Companies Act 2006 will be in force by October next year the entire Act will be in force by October of 2007.2 While the Companies Bill 2006 introduces some new aspects to company law, it might have left the regulations of directors’ duty up to judicial interpretation and company law. The general impression is that the 2006 Bill does nothing much to improve on the director’s duties as enunciated under the provisions of the Companies Act 1985. 3- The Companies Bill 2006 tightens the Directors’ duties in respect of due diligence by broadening the rights of shareholders to ‘sue directors for negligence and other defaults and rights to bring derivative claims on behalf of the company in certain circumstances.’3 Under the provisions of the Companies Act 1985, together with principles of Common Law and Equity, directors have a fiduciary relationship with the company they serve. In their capacity as fiduciaries, directors have three primary duties in respect of the management of the company’s affairs. They are: In Re City Fire Equitable Insurance Co., Romer J added that in the course of exercising his duties as a director, the director was subject to a certain standard in law. That standard he went on to explain was the reasonable skill and care that was generally expected of a business man possessing the relevant skills and training.5 Moreover the common trend in the application of Common Law and Equitable principles was to impose the duty on the directors’ in respect of the company itself rather than in respect individual shareholders. In fact Section 309 of the Companies Act 1985 codified this proviso by requiring that directors owe a duty of care to act in the best interests of both the members and the employees of the company.6 Although this duty necessarily

Nelson Mandela Leadership Style

Nelson Mandela Leadership Style Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, the leader and father of South African population, will turn 92 years on the 18th of July. Born in Transkei, a village in the south-eastern area of South Africa, he was exposed to the African history from his childhood due to his father being the chief of the village. As a result he gained a deeper understanding of the African government and the unfair and inhuman treatment by white people. Once again his father influenced his life path as he was the one who gave the permission for Rolihlahla, to join elementary school where he was given the English name, Nelson. Calling it fate or destiny Mandela in his biography wonders if his teacher gave him that name after the British sea captain Lord Nelson (Mandela N., 1994). Moving on with his education, Nelson enrolled in the Fort Hare University. At that point, his leadership skills unfolded, winning an expulsion from University for leading a student strike. Thus, he completed his degree in law at the University of South Africa (Notable Biographies, 2010). On the other hand, his personal life included three marriages resulting in having six children, twenty-one grandchildren and three great-grandchildren (Mandela N., 1994). A point of reference is the time, in 1943, that Mandela joined the African National Congress (ANC) as an activist. Only eight years later, his first major presidential position was in place as the president of the ANC Youth League which he co-founded. Since its foundation, ANC aims to enhance the human rights and living conditions of black people in South Africa. ANC was the reason for Mandela to be sent in jail for nine months since he participated in protest activities. However, in 1960, ANC Youth League lost financial and militant support thus being banned. This made Mandela to realise that peaceful behaviour was not the method to change things in Africa. Pride and anger for the unfairness he was forced to face, necessitated him to form a military group that was operating illegally, called The Spear of the Nation. They were fighting the government in silence through sabotage. For instance, they were destroying peoples properties (Notable Biographies, 2010). Prior to this, in 1952, Mandela launched the first black legal company in South Africa. He was offering his legal advices to black people for free or low cost. However, seven years later, new laws were passed, forcing the creation of separated homelands for black people enhancing the racial segregation (Telegraph.co.uk, 2010). The later, let Mandela to become more active towards protecting the rights of black people. This resulted in Mandela being arrested and imprisoned in Johannesburg Fort, in 1962, for five years, although managing to escape. That did not last for long as he was arrested again and accused for sabotage and treason. As a consequence Mandela was sentenced to life imprisonment. The first eighteen years of his imprisonment were in Robben island prison (Telegraph.co.uk, 2010). This as he himself described, was a prison with maximum security, forcing them to work hard, humiliating them and living under inhuman conditions. In 1968, his mother and his son died but he was not permitted to attend either of the funerals. Contrary to that and to the treatment received by the government, he never stopped supporting his beliefs thus rejecting a liberation offer by the president of South Africa, PW Botha. Moving on in the time of the imprisonment, better and more human conditions were offered to him in 1988 as he underwent a prostate surgery. Eventually, after twenty-seven years in prison and as a response to worldwide calls, Nelson Mandela was finally released in 1990 and elected as the president of ANC (Telegraph.co.uk, 2010). However if an evaluation was to be made for his life so far, the suffering he encountered is clearly shown. The government did not allow him any visitors and they considered discussions regarding Mandela as illegal. However, these decisions against Mandela increased peoples perception about him, both worldwide and locally. On the top, in peoples minds Mandela was synonym to words like fairness, ethnical right and leader. He became an international symbol against racism (Notable Biographies, 2010). After being released from prison Mandela did not stop fighting for the black people. He started discussions with the existing president of South Africa, F.W. de Klerk, concluding that only a compromise between black and white people will prevent the occurrence of a civil war in their country. Eventually, the establishment of the new democratic government was a fact. This new government was giving the right to vote to all South Africans (Notable Biographies, 2010). The upcoming years of his life were the rewards for his nonstop race for equality. In 1993 he was awarded with the Nobel Peace Prize due to his achievement of the equality in voting rights. A year later, black South Africans and Mandela were allowed to vote for the first time in their life. The result was internationally expected. Nelson Mandela became the first black president of South Africa (Telegraph.co.uk, 2010). During the years of his presidency, he tried hard to minimise the various political differences in South Africa. Moreover, he tried to build up a healthier economy in combination with establishing a more solid democracy. Additionally, he was one of the supporters of clearing peoples criminal record if that was created during the years of racism by the countrys government (Notable Biographies, 2010). Ending a successful century his duration as his countrys president ends in 1999. However, his political career doesnt end. He was placed at the position of the statesman where he was acting as the third party in the process for peace (Notable Biographies, 2010). The first decade of the new century found Mandela facing the accursed disease, as he was diagnosed with prostate cancer but he fought and succeeded for once more in his life. As all things come to an end, at the age of eighty-five he retired from the public life. However, only two years ago at the age of ninety, he showed that his vision of equality and fairness never stopped bothering him. Through a speech he urged and tried to inspire the young generation to continue the fight for social justice (Telegraph.co.uk, 2010). Summing up his career, The United Nations General Assembly declares July 18 Mandela Day as a tribute to his contribution to world freedom (Telegraph.co.uk, 2010). In general, Nelson Mandela can be characterised as an excellent leader, with good judgement and listening skills, sensitive and open-minded. He was an intelligent leader since it requires good strategic plan and clever manoeuvre in order to defeat your enemies without humiliating them. Once, he stated that my life was shaped by custom, ritual and taboo and this was the alpha and omega of our existence (Mandela N., 1994). This excellent knowledge of his origin enabled him to be more confident of what he was fighting for. Thus his vision of a peaceful South Africa without any racial segregation became a more approachable target. This explains one of his favourite quotes; a good head and a good heart are always a formidable combination (Brainy Quotes, 2010). Moreover, he was exposed to significant leadership education throughout his career. For instance, seeing the world from your enemys eyes enables you to identify easier their strengths and weaknesses, planning a more effective strate gy (Times Magazine, 2008). The worldwide discussion of whether you are born or developed as a leader is not a question for Nelson Mandela. It is unanimously believed that Mandela had the charisma to be a leader. This is supported by his acts throughout his life and the recognition he faced worldwide. Scanning Mandelas life, it can be seen that the way to lead the people was influenced from his childhood. This is because he used to attend the local tribal meetings, where he was observing the speakers, and absorbing every small detail of leadership characteristics. These principles were his significant tools throughout his political life. In his biography, he notes that in the meetings he was just concluding the discussions, most of the times without adding anything new but taking everyones talk into consideration (Mandela N., 1994). Strategically he admits that in the back of his mind he was following a well planned schedule. A leader is like a shepherd he supports, in a way that the flock thinks that it rules, but actually the shepherd directs the movements from start till the end (Mandela N., 1994). Moving on with the evaluation of Mandelas characteristics, one can describe Mandela as team manager. This is because he was a supporter and a listener of his followers concerns but he always had in mind his primary goal, being both task and people oriented. He tried to motivate people by making each individual to feel necessary and important thus increasing their willingness to help and achieve their goal. Making a critical analysis of Mandelas overall attitude, characteristics of a level five leader can be observed, i.e. Mandela represents an executive leader. This is because there is a combination of professional will and personal humility. Being focused on his main goal, he was not afraid of being dishonoured. For instance, his life imprisonment showed that he was not afraid to accept the consequences of his own acts even though humiliation was present. Showing professional will, even when he was in the plane to be taken to Robben Island he did not stop thinking as a leader. He was looking at the area as a strategist where he was trying to find ideal places to launch his army in order to continue fighting for his vision (Mandela N., 1994). This way of thinking also characterise him as a strategic innovative leader. As a transformational leader he showed his various ways of leadership. He was engaged in individualized consideration and this can be proved by his refusal towards the president P.W. Botha to release him from prison. Furthermore his boxing training enhanced his skills. Attracted by the science of boxing, i.e. the democratic and strategic rules that needed to be followed and not the violence of it, Mandela used the sport to improve his leadership initiative and self confidence. This attitude categorises Mandela as an alchemist and achiever. Renamed voluntarily by his boxing colleagues, Chief, showed that his leading skills were used even during his daily routine (Mandela N., 1994). All the aforementioned characteristics show his authenticity as a leader. One can be completely persuaded that he knew how to manage his skills and which personality traits to reveal for each occasion. Two important quotes that he used throughout his life were firstly that If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his language, that goes to his heart (Brainy Quotes, 2010). This shows that he knew the way to cope with people and influence them. Secondly, Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world (Brainy Quotes, 2010). In order to achieve his vision he always had in mind that goodness and forgiveness are two important aspects to fulfil. To sum up, Mandelas life and actions made people realize that everyone can have a dream, big or small, good or bad. However, this does not mean that it will be publicly accepted. People will fight ones vision but looking at Mandelas story what stays in mind is that, you should never give up. Developing a well organised plan and creating a well structured strategy are the key components for a successful path to be followed. Although Nelson Mandela spent many years in prison, he never stopped trying to transform his vision into reality. In an article in Guardian newspaper he states that if people of courage and good conscience are prepared to stand and fight there is nothing we cannot achieve (The Guardian, 2010). Thus leading with vision, courage and always being a shepherd is the lesson gained from Nelson Mandelas leadership. References: Brainy Quotes. 2010. Nelson Mandela Quotes. [online] accessed at: 14/06/2010 Available at: http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/n/nelson_mandela.html Mandela N. 1994. Long Walk to Freedom. Autobiography Notable Biographies. 2010. Nelson Mandela. Encyclopaedia of World Biography. [online] accessed at: 14/06/2010 Available at: http://www.notablebiographies.com/Lo-Ma/Mandela-Nelson.html Telegraph.co.uk. 2010. Nelson Mandela Timeline. Telegraph Media Group Limited. [online] accessed at: 14/06/2010 Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/southafrica/7819734/Nelson-Mandela-timeline.html The Guardian. 2010. My hero Nelson Mandela by Gordon Brown. [online] accessed at: 15/06/2010 Available at: http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2010/apr/17/nelson-mandela-hero-gordon-brown Times Magazine. 2008. The Secrets of Leadership from Nelson Mandela. [online] accessed at: 15/06/2010 Available at: http://www.deliverfreedom.com/blog/time-magazine-the-secrets-of-leadership-from-nelson-mandela/

Essay example --

MSA University Faculty of pharmacy Pharmaceutical Microbiology PM 203 Name: Dina Ahmed Abd El Fattah Hegab ID# 111797 Group: C Under Supervision of: Dr. Reham Wasfy â€Æ' Disinfectants Disinfectants Can be applied to any non- living objects ; as this substance can destroy the microorganisms living on its surface. The Bacterial spores is kind of resistant to the Disinfection , it doesn't necessarily kills it, thus not necessary kills all the microorganisms. Unlike the sterilization – that is extreme physical (and/or) chemical process that kills all types of life- it is less effective in results. Disinfectants are not like any other antimicrobial agent as antibiotics that kills the microorganisms living inside the bodies or the antiseptics that kills the microorganisms on a living tissue it is even not like biocides that don't just kills the micro organisms, but also kills all types of life. Disinfectants simply cause damage to the microbe cell wall or it interferes with its metabolism. More about Disinfection†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Disinfection are by nature toxic to human beings and animals, as most of the modern Disinfection contains the substance bitrex which is considered to be the bitterest substance ever, this substance is used as a safety measure and is added to discourage the ingestion. Disinfectant Types can be divided into two main groups; which are oxidizing and non- oxidizing. 1- Oxidising disinfectants : It works by the oxidization of the microorganism's cell membrane; this leads the cell to death. In the oxidizing disinfectants both the components oxygen and chlorine exists heavily, as they are both strong oxidizers. 2- Non-oxidising disinfectants: It operates by disturbing the phospho-lipid molecules that make- up the ... ... to be kept in a temperature of 16  °C to 18 °C for 24 hours then leave it to be chilled for 1 hour before starting the test. References: 1- Holchem- leader in the speciality chemical manufacturing industry Available at : http://www.holchem.co.uk/disinfectant-types.aspx 2- Holchem- leader in the speciality chemical manufacturing industry Available at : http://www.holchem.co.uk/disinfectant-tests.aspx 3- The Egypt Germany disinfectant company Available at : http://egypt-germany-disinfection.com/index.php/products/ahd-2000-menu-item 4- The Egypt Germany disinfectant company Available at : http://egypt-germany-disinfection.com/index.php/products/2013-02-02-09-45-28 5- Wikipedia, Available at : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinfectant 6- The Egypt Germany disinfectant company Available at: http://egypt-germany-disinfection.com/index.php/products/lysoforminspezial